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 Music
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Hindustani
Music |
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TAALA
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After Swara, Taala
forms a very important
aspect of Music, especially
classical music. Whether it
is dance, vocal or
instrumental music, it is
Taala that maintains the
balance - the most important
function of music. To
understand Taala, let
us first start with Rhythm.
Rhythm is a particular
arrangement of time in
music.
In other words, it is
beats at fixed intervals.
But when rhythm is brought
under certain rules and
regulations, is given a name
and attains certain
characteristics, it becomes
a Taala. The two
important aspects of
Taala are Laya
and Maatra.
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1. |
MAATRA –
Taala is cyclic in
nature. Each Taala
has a fixed number of beats
called matras. Thus,
matras form the smallest
unit of the Taala.
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2. |
AVARTAN or
AVRITTI –
One
cycle of the Taala is
called Avartan or
Avritti.
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3. |
TAALI AND
KHAALI -
A Taala
consists of Taali and
Khaali. Tali
is the beat and Khaali
is off/empty beat or the
beat that is not recognized.
It is the least accentuated
beat. Numbers are used to
denote the number of taalis
like 2, 3, etc. and 0 is
used to denote khaali.
Each Taala has its
own permutation and
combination of taalis
and khaalis.
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4. |
SAM –
Sam
is the first taali.
It is also the most
accentuated beat. Sam
also is the starting point
as well as the ending point
of the Taala cycle.
The sign for Sam is +
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5. |
KHANDA –
Khanda is the
subdivision of the Taala
and is formed by Bar lines.
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6. |
BAR LINES –
Lines
that divide the Taala
into a set number of
divisions.
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7. |
THEKA –
the bols or the mnemonics played
on the tabla that form the
structure of the Taala.
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8. |
LAYA –
Laya is the tempo or the
pace at which the Taala
is played. It has three
main divisions: Vilambit, Madhya and Drut.
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JATI OF TAALAS
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There are 5 Jatis of
Taala based on the
system of grouping of the
Matras. They are:-
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1. |
Tisra Jati –
3 or
multiples of 3 like Dadra
(6), Khemta (6)
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2. |
Chatusra Jati –
multiples of 4 like Teen
Taala (16), Addha (16),
Kaherva (4)
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3. |
Khanda Jati –
5 or
multiples of 5 like
JhapTaala (10), Sool
Taala (10)
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4. |
Mishra Jati –
7 or
multiples of 7 like Rupak
(7), Deepchandi (14)
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5. |
Sankirna Jati –
of
9, 11 13 or 15 maatras
like Pancham Sawari (15),
Chitra (15)
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